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Child marriage violates girls’ human rights and adversely affects their health and well-being. While age at marriage is increasing in most regions of the developing world, early marriage persists for large populations. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one out of three women aged 20–24 were married before age 18, and one out of seven were married before age 15. There is great variation in child marriage practices across and within regions and between ethnic and religious groups. Eradicating child marriage has long been on the agenda of the United Nations and of individual countries. …
The AIDS pandemic has created an estimated 15 million orphans who may face elevated risk of poor health and social outcomes. This paper compares orphans and non-orphans regarding educational status and delay using data collected in three low-income communities affected by AIDS in Tanzania and Burkina Faso. Orphans were significantly more likely not to attend school than were non-orphans and also to be delayed when in school, though, after controlling for confounders, the risk was borderline and non-significant. …
This case study describes the work of a program implemented by Youth Alive Tanzania, a faith-based organization in Dar-es-Salaam, which created The Youth and Parents Crisis Counseling Center (YOPAC) in 1999. YOPAC was established by Youth Alive with the specific aim of helping children and youth protect their access to education, including primary and secondary education, as well as vocational training. YOPAC's other activities include home-based care, HIV testing and counseling, psychosocial care and support, education, and outreach programming. …
From 2002-2005 Africare implemented the Community Based Care, Protection and Empowerment (COPE) for Children Affected by AIDS (CABA) project in Mutasa District of Zimbabwe. The goal of the project was to encourage shared responsibility for orphans and vulnerable children by increasing community capacity to respond to the needs of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). …
Being young and female are two central aspects of vulnerability to HIV which intersect in the lives of adolescent girls. Both before and within marriage, girls and young women are especially vulnerable to contracting HIV as a result of both their biological susceptibility as well as their relative powerlessness within sexual relationships, the primary means of transmission. Girls and young women are disproportionally infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. …
The main objectives of this study were to: ascertain how far existing government and informal hostels catered for the needs of orphans and vulnerable children; assess the merits of alternatives to hostels; present an analysis of factors determining the success/failure of current community hostels; make recommendations on re-formulating entry qualifications for formal and informal hostels.
This paper first introduces the key issues regarding orphaned and vulnerable adolescents in the time of HIV/AIDS, including the developmental needs specific to adolescents. The second chapter summarizes the limited studies and programs working primarily with adolescents orphaned due to AIDS. Following are four case studies that demonstrate different strategies for working with adolescent orphans and other youth vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, reflecting different cultural and programmatic approaches relevant to Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe. …
