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School-based adolescent health education programs represent a durable strategy in reducing the spread of HIV because they can leverage pre-existing social and organizational structures to reach large fractions of students at critical life stages. Many evaluations of school-based HIV programs draw on multilevel study designs that assign schools to treatment conditions or assign students to treatment conditions within blocks defined by school membership. …
This publication is a collection of stories about young people living with HIV written by citizen journalists from the Key Correspondents network. The authors hope that they bring the experiences, thoughts and reflections of young people to the growing global debates on adolescent health and HIV. Key Correspondents is a network of citizen journalists around the world writing on HIV, health and human rights, helping get the voices of those most affected into global debates.
In December 2013, ministers of education and health from twenty ESA countries affirmed and endorsed their joint commitment to deliver comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for young people. The ESA Commitment document was developed based on a Regional Report, “Young People Today: Time to Act Now” which reviewed the trends and status of sexual and reproductive health and HIV among adolescents and young people in the ESA Region including comprehensive sexuality education and service needs. …
The phenomenon of cross-generational sex – defined as sexual relationships between an adolescent girl and a partner who is older, usually by 10 or more years – can be linked to many life-long consequences. …
Background: Young people in sub-Saharan Africa are affected by the HIV pandemic to a greater extent than young people elsewhere and effective HIV-preventive intervention programmes are urgently needed. The present article presents the rationale behind an EU-funded research project (PREPARE) examining effects of community-based (school delivered) interventions conducted in four sites in sub-Saharan Africa. One intervention focuses on changing beliefs and cognitions related to sexual practices (Mankweng, Limpopo, South Africa). …
PEPFAR and USAID, in collaboration with UNICEF, supported AIDSTAR-One in conducting a mapping activity to identify HIV policies and services for adolescents in 10 sub-Saharan African countries: Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. This technical report summarizes AIDSTAR-One’s findings and is a resource for program planners and policymakers working to improve services and policies for HIV prevention, care, and treatment among adolescents and ALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa. …
The aim of the study was to explore young people's understanding and knowledge about why protective measures against HIV/AIDS, malaria and unplanned pregnancy are not taken by those at risk in Uganda. The study results were that the participants (all from secondary school in Kanungu Uganda) could identify reasons why preventive action was not taken. These reasons included misconceptions, the inpracticability of abstinence, and fear of side effects of several key interventions. The article argues that there is an apportunity to improve preventive measures by tackling these issues. …
Background: Previous research has suggested that orphaned children and adolescents might have elevated risk for HIV infection. We examined the state of evidence regarding the association between orphan status and HIV risk in studies of youth aged 24 years and younger. Methods: Using systematic review methodology, we identified 10 studies reporting data from 12 countries comparing orphaned and non-orphaned youth on HIV-related risk indicators, including HIV serostatus, other sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and sexual behaviours. …
While considerable attention has been paid to sexual behaviors among HIV high-risk populations in Africa, few studies have looked at the adolescent population. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents in Uganda, logistic regression models were fitted to examine the odds that HIV/AIDS related knowledge and perceived risk of HIV infection are associated with condom use among adolescents. …
This document is divided into six parts (Part I-VI). Part I covers (a) the study background including objectives, methodologies and activities; and (b) an overview of the HIV situation among young people and adolescents in the Africa region. Part II and III present key findings from Ethiopia and Uganda, including a review of policies and the institutional environment in both countries in regards to gender, youth, ARH and HIV/AIDS. Part IV includes key findings of six country assessments of youth issues in the Multi-Sector Programs on HIV/AIDS of the World Bank. …
The Young Empowered and Healthy (Y.E.A.H) Initiative is a multi-channel communication campaign by and for young people that combines mass media, person-to-person dialogue, and community media. The mission of Y.E.A.H is to stimulate dialogue and action among communities, families, schools, and health institutions; and model positive practices through local and national media. Y.E.A.H is designed to contribute to a reduction in the incidence of HIV and early pregnancy and to contribute to an increase in the proportion of young people that complete primary education and beyond. …
This qualitative study in Busia District focused on the views of teenagers themselves as expressed in nine focus group discussions with girls and boys. Their perspectives were contrasted with those of community leaders and mothers of adolescents. The young people blamed teenage pregnancy on failures of the parental generation. They asserted that parents and guardians were both too lenient and too harsh, that they failed to provide for their daughters' needs, and that they pressured them into early marriages instead of giving priority to education. …
Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda is a study implemented jointly by Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) and the AIDS Support Organization (TASO) from Uganda, in 2008. The document addresses the specific sexual and reproductive needs of the adolescents perinatally infected, an increasing population largely forgotten the HIV/AIDS treatment, care, education and support programs. …
Straight Talk Foundation (STF) has worked for 15 years to better the lives of Ugandan adolescents. Its focus has been HIV prevention and improved adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). STF's approach builds on the voices and stories of young people, parents, teachers and health workers to create "conversations" and generate solutions. STF works through three channels: radio, print and face-to-face communication. In 2005, STF drew up a five year Strategic Plan (SP) for 2006-2010. …
This is an innovative, computer-based, online curriculum on sexual and reproductive health and rights for secondary schools in Indonesia, Kenya, Thailand and Uganda. It combines information technology (IT) skills-building and creative expression with sexual health and rights (SRH) education, using experiential learning as the didactic method and following the principles of three combined approaches: adolescents' development, behaviour change and the human rights-based approach. …
