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The goal of this compendium is to answer critical questions that move forward USAID’s mission of supporting (a) the adoption of evidence-based practices in adolescent- and youth-friendly HIV care and services to help at-risk adolescents (ages 10–19 years) and youth (ages 15–24 years) stay HIV-free, and (b) the provision of comprehensive packages of HIV prevention, care, treatment, and retention services to adolescents and youth living with HIV in order to promote their successful transition to adulthood.
This report documents progress on implementation of a Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)-funded UNESCO project that aims to strengthen sexuality education programmes for young people in school settings in Zambia. The project was conceptualized in line with the country’s thematic focus on broader economic and social development and is expected to reach all 9,000 government schools, 1,749,664 learners representing 100% of grades 5 to 12 learners, 40,000 in-service teachers, and 20,000 preservice teachers. …
The aim of the review was to describe the current status of young people’s SRH and policy and programme responses in the Asia and Pacific regions to support evidence informed policy, programming and advocacy. …
Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are highly vulnerable to HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Evidence for the effectiveness of individual behaviour change interventions in reducing incidence of HIV and other biological outcomes is limited, and the need to address the social conditions in which young people become sexually active is clear. Adolescents' peers are a key aspect of this social environment and could have important influences on sexual behaviour. There has not yet been a systematic review on the topic in sub-Saharan Africa. …
Background: Young people particularly women are at increased risk of undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Structural factors have been reported as driving some of these risks. Although several interventions have targeted some of the structural drivers for adolescent’s SRH risk, little has been done to consolidate such work. This would provide a platform for coordinated efforts towards adolescent’s SRH. …
Background: In 2012, an estimated 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV. Though there are effective interventions to prevent and treat HIV infection, adolescents face specific barriers in accessing them. As a result, new infections and poor outcomes among HIV-infected adolescents are common. HIV programming for adolescents should focus on interventions of proven effectiveness and address underlying factors driving incidence and lack of effective treatment and care in this age group. …
PEPFAR and USAID, in collaboration with UNICEF, supported AIDSTAR-One in conducting a mapping activity to identify HIV policies and services for adolescents in 10 sub-Saharan African countries: Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. This technical report summarizes AIDSTAR-One’s findings and is a resource for program planners and policymakers working to improve services and policies for HIV prevention, care, and treatment among adolescents and ALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa. …
This document is a summary of the major tools that have been commonly used to measure prevention of HIV/AIDS among youth. This table has been designed to help program planners, policy makers, and others interested in understanding the status of youth HIV risk and youth HIV prevention programs at the national, regional, or local level identify sources of relevant information.
Nearly half of the world's population, some 3 billion people, is under the age of 25. As the largest generation ever of young people, investments in their health and well-being are crucial so they can make a positive transition into adulthood and fully contribute to the economic and social development of their families, communities and nations. But in order to develop strategies and mobilize financial resources to support adolescent and youth development, decisionmakers need reliable, up-to-date demographic, health, education and socioeconomic data about young people. …
This report summarises a rapid review carried out by Interact Worldwide and funded by Countdown 2015 Europe. The review addresses the perception that, in the context of SRHR, all adolescents are equally ‘marginalised’ and ‘vulnerable’ due to their age. It explores how such a general assertion neglects the dramatically different situations and experiences of adolescents throughout the world: in reality, not all are equally ‘marginalised’ or ‘vulnerable’. The review asks Who are we failing and why? …
This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were searched for evaluation studies of HIV prevention interventions for youth. Additional articles were identified on websites of international organisations and through searching references. 34 interventions were included; 25 mentioned the use of theory. …
Background: Previous research has suggested that orphaned children and adolescents might have elevated risk for HIV infection. We examined the state of evidence regarding the association between orphan status and HIV risk in studies of youth aged 24 years and younger. Methods: Using systematic review methodology, we identified 10 studies reporting data from 12 countries comparing orphaned and non-orphaned youth on HIV-related risk indicators, including HIV serostatus, other sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and sexual behaviours. …
In order to develop a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS pandemic in women and children, Rwanda has benefited from generous international commitment of resources and technical assistance. More than halfway to the 2015 deadline to achieve the MDGs, an assessment of the progress towards achieving MDG 6 for children and HIV in Rwanda is needed to inform the acceleration of program implementation. An assessment tool was first of all developed around the "Four Ps". …
Despite the commitment of many policymakers and advocates to addressing the ever-increasing sexual and reproductive health needs of youth, calls for appropriate programs, services, and funding have gone largely unanswered. Youth around the world remain at high risk of unplanned pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections, even though many small-scale programs are ready for scale up and would help youth achieve their potential and help nations achieve their development goals. …
The International HIV/AIDS Alliance have carried out a literature review of the sexual and reproductive health rights of adolescents living with HIV. The study found that adolescents living with HIV have largely been left out of the national responses to HIV/AIDS in low-income settings. Their needs differ from those of adults living with HIV and they face many challenges, including serious service access barriers that require greater attention and advocacy. In most low-income countries health systems have not been designed and do not have the capacity to meet their specific needs. …
