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This document is a report of a two days conference, "Checks and balances", aimed to explore mechanisms ensuring the balancing of power and the accountability by the stakeholders – the institutions and students. The sessions included: changing dynamics of HIV/AIDS in a university setting, teenage pregnancy at institutions of higher learning, and service provider accountability. The conference closed with a partnership statement on sexual and reproductive rights and health.
This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were searched for evaluation studies of HIV prevention interventions for youth. Additional articles were identified on websites of international organisations and through searching references. 34 interventions were included; 25 mentioned the use of theory. …
The aim of the study was to explore young people's understanding and knowledge about why protective measures against HIV/AIDS, malaria and unplanned pregnancy are not taken by those at risk in Uganda. The study results were that the participants (all from secondary school in Kanungu Uganda) could identify reasons why preventive action was not taken. These reasons included misconceptions, the inpracticability of abstinence, and fear of side effects of several key interventions. The article argues that there is an apportunity to improve preventive measures by tackling these issues. …
In preparation for a school-based intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of potential HIV risk factors in youth ages 14–17 (n=983). Boys were significantly more likely than girls to report lifetime sexual activity (37.7% v. 13.8%, P<0.01). Among boys and girls, 46.1% reported condom use at last sex. Discussion of condom use with a partner was the strongest predictor of condom use (boys, odds ratio (OR)=7.39; girls, OR=5.58, P<0.0001). …
This book is designed to help in-school students learn about the health risks involved in pre-marital sex and to improve their life skills. The material is presented in story form, in hopes that young people will identify with the characters. The topics and concepts of this booklet were drawn from studies conducted with youth in Kogi and Cross River states of Nigeria. The issues highlighted revolve around young people's ability to abstain or delay pre-marital sex in order to reduce their risk of HIV infection. …
Nyanza Province has been a focus of heightened attention in Kenya since the advent of the country’s HIV epidemic. …
This paper investigates the reasons why young people in urban and rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania do not attend school, their socio-demographic characteristics, AIDS knowledge and risk perception. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted with 1007 young people between the ages of 13 and 18. Findings suggest that non-attendance is the product of a complex interaction of economic, individual, family and school-related factors. Boys have more AIDS knowledge than girls, and those from urban areas are more knowledgeable than their rural counterparts. …
As youth, YOU are the most important resources in our countries! Your health and wellbeing will help determine the future of communities and countries in which you live. You are considered to be an ACTION FORCE, not a target group, and have a special understanding of the health and developmental issues facing you. We recognise that you need to be involved in all aspects of planning activities aimed at your age group, that is why we went to youth to find out what questions you haveabout your sexuality and HIV and AIDS! …
As youth,YOU are the most important resources in our countries! Your health and wellbeing will help determine the future of communities and countries in which you live. You are considered to be an ACTION FORCE, not a target group, and have a special understanding of the health and developmental issues facing you. We recognise that you need to be involved in all aspects of planning activities aimed at your age group, that is why we went to youth to find out what questions you haveabout your sexuality and HIV and AIDS! …
As youth, YOU are the most important resources in our countries! Your health and wellbeing will help determine the future of communities and countries in which you live. You are considered to be an ACTION FORCE, not a target group, and have a special understanding of the health and developmental issues facing you. We recognise that you need to be involved in all aspects of planning activities aimed at your age group, that is why we went to youth to find out what questions you haveabout your sexuality and HIV and AIDS! …
Launched on South African television in June 2008, the Scrutinize Campaign was a year-long series of HIV prevention ads targeting multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships. Irreverent and humorous, with strong, colorful visuals, the campaign's ads were markedly different from previous South African HIV prevention campaigns for youth. Rather than telling the audience what to do, the Scrutinize campaign messaging encouraged those in the audience to scrutinize their own behavior, resulting in dramatic uptake of key HIV prevention messages.
This paper compares the sexual behaviors of young people in South Africa (SA) and the United States (US) with the aim of better understanding the potential role of sexual behavior in HIV transmission in these two countries that have strikingly different HIV epidemics. Nationally representative, population-based surveys of young people ages 18-24 years from SA (n = 7,548) and the US (n = 13,451) were used. The prevalence of HIV was 10.2% in SA and 1% in the US. …
This study tested a hypothesis that sexual relationships with multiple partners in the 10- to 19-year age group spurs condom use during sex. The authors performed secondary analysis using data from the adolescent module of the cross-sectional household survey on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) that was done in Kigoma, Kilombero, Rufiji and Ulanga districts, Tanzania in 2008. A total of 612 adolescents from a random sample of 1,200 households participated in this study. Pearson Chi-Square was used as a test of association between multiple sexual partners and condom use. …
While considerable attention has been paid to sexual behaviors among HIV high-risk populations in Africa, few studies have looked at the adolescent population. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents in Uganda, logistic regression models were fitted to examine the odds that HIV/AIDS related knowledge and perceived risk of HIV infection are associated with condom use among adolescents. …
To contribute to the achievement of RH and HIV integration, SAfAIDS and Youth Vision Zambia in partnership with Population Action International commissioned a 15 days rapid situation analysis to establish the current national baseline of existing national policies, HIV and RH integration programmes and opportunities for advocacy for increased integration. …
