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School-based adolescent health education programs represent a durable strategy in reducing the spread of HIV because they can leverage pre-existing social and organizational structures to reach large fractions of students at critical life stages. Many evaluations of school-based HIV programs draw on multilevel study designs that assign schools to treatment conditions or assign students to treatment conditions within blocks defined by school membership. …
Background: Young people in sub-Saharan Africa are affected by the HIV pandemic to a greater extent than young people elsewhere and effective HIV-preventive intervention programmes are urgently needed. The present article presents the rationale behind an EU-funded research project (PREPARE) examining effects of community-based (school delivered) interventions conducted in four sites in sub-Saharan Africa. One intervention focuses on changing beliefs and cognitions related to sexual practices (Mankweng, Limpopo, South Africa). …
In this article, we make the case that HIV/AIDS clubs in Ugandan schools provide valuable information to students who may not have easy access to health services. As one club motto suggests, the clubs ‘talk what others think you can’t talk’. The innovative peer education methods, which include drama, popular culture and community outreach all have great appeal to youth, and provide unique opportunities for female students to raise gender issues and develop leadership skills. …
Evidence-based health promotion programmes, including HIV/AIDS prevention and sexuality education programmes, are often transferred to other cultures, priority groups and implementation settings. Challenges in this process include the identification of retaining core elements that relate to the programme’s effectiveness while making changes that enhances acceptance in the new context and for the new priority group. This paper describes the use of a systematic approach to programme adaptation using a case study as an example. …
This book, which was originally written as a dissertation, broadens the approach to gender equality in primary education by exploring the magnitude of complex interactions between schools and rural livelihood household processes in the context of HIV/AIDS. The arguments are based on recent ethnographic research using dimensions of rural pupils', parents', and teachers' responses to the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on their livelihoods. It gives insight into some of the current debates that have been generated in the field of education, HIV/AIDS and rural livelihoods.
This study aimed to evaluate a one-year, comprehensive, school-based HIV and AIDS education program in rural, southwestern Uganda. Twenty intervention schools (1274 students) and 11 control schools (803 students) completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Twelve focus groups were conducted among five of the intervention schools (93 students). Very few effects of the intervention were observed. Focus group data indicates that programmes were not implemented comprehensively and certain activities (how to use condoms, role playing) were only superficially used. …
The Young Empowered and Healthy (Y.E.A.H) Initiative is a multi-channel communication campaign by and for young people that combines mass media, person-to-person dialogue, and community media. The mission of Y.E.A.H is to stimulate dialogue and action among communities, families, schools, and health institutions; and model positive practices through local and national media. Y.E.A.H is designed to contribute to a reduction in the incidence of HIV and early pregnancy and to contribute to an increase in the proportion of young people that complete primary education and beyond. …
This chapter describes school programmes addressing HIV/AIDS in Malawi, Zambia, Kenya and Uganda. It describes the common approaches to anti AIDS programmes adopted in these countries mostly in the form of school based curriculum or club activities organized through the school or community.
Increasing the salience of schooling in countering the AIDS epidemic suggests the need to confront many of the challenges posed by current education and school systems. The author considers these and proposes the ideal of schools that have been transformed into multipurpose development and welfare institutions that cater, among other things, for both formal and non-formal educational provision. …
This study of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector was part of a three country study (Uganda, Malawi and Botswana) and had three broad aims: To assess the strategies being used to educate students about HIV/AIDS in schools To assess the impact on students as orphans, caregivers and those infected with HIV. To assess the impact on teachers as educators and employees.
Teacher training in any subject is important. For teaching information and skills related to reproductive health (RH) and HIV/AIDS, teacher training is even more essential - and complex. In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the AIDS epidemic has spread to the general population, with up to half of all new HIV infections occurring among youth under age 25. Since most youth attend school at least for primary education, school-based programs are a logical place to reach young people. …
The paper uses a combination of questionnaire data and children's drawings to explore the reasons contributing to temporary and permanent absence from school of orphans, children from disjointed families and children who live with both parents. Particular attention is paid to differences between these three groups of children and between girls and boys. It is shown that the most important reasons for absenteeism are closely related to poverty, and that poverty is not necessarily related to orphanhood. …
This paper describes the evolution of school-based HIV prevention programmes and their theoretical frameworks, as well as present barriers to their implementation. Examples of several best practices will highlight the key role of the education sector in mitigating the impact of HIV/AIDS. The paper concludes with an innovative suggestion for the establishment of a new profession: the AIDS educator.
Uganda AIDS Commission and the Youth Communication Program: In response to the Presidential initiative which seeks to improve the HIV/AIDS communication support to youth in the country, UAC will spearhead a comprehensive communication program for young people in Uganda, starting with primary schools. This program will support intensive and sustained communication and community mobilization initiatives for children and young people for the prevention of further spread of the HIV in Uganda. …
This study of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector was part of a three country study (Uganda, Malawi and Botswana) and had three broad aims: To assess the strategies being used to educate students about HIV/AIDS in schools; To assess the impact on students as orphans, caregivers and those infected with HIV; To assess the impact on teachers as educators and employees.
