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This article examines the relationship among bullying, individual’s identity, and school performance in Chile. The results indicate that being a bully or a bully-victim increases the probability of being a low performing student. For the case of victims, our results suggest a heterogeneity according students’ ability, decreasing academic achievement for students with below average ability, but increasing it for very high achieving students. We also found that students claiming to belong to a subculture characterized by a defiant attitude towards authority have lower academic achievement. …
OBJECTIVES: This study represents a comprehensive assessment of differences between participants in an HIV/AIDS prevention program (SHAPE: Sustainability, Hope, Action, Prevention, Education) and non-participants in knowledge, attitudes and practices with a focus on cultural, sociological and economic variables. METHODS: We developed an eight-page questionnaire that was administered to 933 randomly selected students at the University of Zimbabwe. Survey items addressed sexual decision-making, condom use, limiting sexual partners, cultural power dynamics and access to HIV testing. …
This study evaluated an AIDS education program in Hungary. Four evaluations were undertaken - process and outcome evaluations of the peer educator training and activities used for students. Results indicate that peer educator characteristics, as well as teachers' attitudes and the cultural aspects of transferability of programs need to beáconsidered in designing effective peer education programs.
The Adolescence Education Programme (AEP) was launched in 2005 as a response to the needs of adolescents by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), in collaboration with the National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, to be implemented in all the state government schools in the country. Concurrently, a separate programme supported by MHRD and UNFPA is also being implemented by key national agencies of school education. …
This dissertation explores the influences of HIV knowledge, health behaviors, and context-specific socioeconomic and sociocultural factors on HIV perceived risk among women in the Republic of Georgia. For effective HIV/AIDS prevention, individuals who perceive themselves at some risk of contracting HIV are more likely to reduce risk behaviors. Theories of health behavior incorporate perceived risk as an important component of HIV prevention, but they fail to incorporate factors influencing that risk perception. …
O propósito da série Adolescentes e Jovens para a Educação entre Pares, do Projeto Saúde e Prevenção nas Escolas (SPE), não é ser apenas mais um conjunto de fascículos, e sim trazer provocações e aprofundar o conhecimento que os(as) adolescentes e jovens têm a respeito de temas presentes em toda a sociedade, e que, muitas vezes, são tratados de maneira equivocada ou com preconceitos. Ao mesmo tempo, deseja orientar o trabalho por meio de oficinas, debates e leituras. Pretende, também, provocar reflexões e instigar o diálogo sobre as temáticas do SPE dentro das escolas brasileiras. …
Young women's ability to pursue a safer-sex life in line with their wishes is crucial to their sexual health. Although some previous observations have suggested that young women's lack of ability to negotiate safer sex is due to gender power imbalances in the culture of Vietnam, studies that have tested this hypothesis explicitly and quantitatively are few and far between. The present study aimed to test the association between perceived gender relations and perceived self-efficacy in communicating sexual matters among undergraduate female students in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. …
This paper argues that young Vietnamese men's beliefs around women's changing sexual identities and habits generate some anxiety around their own heterosexual abilities, while contributing to growing doubts around 'traditional' masculine advantage within sexual relations. It explores this notion in regard to eight Vietnamese men aged 18-30 years, interviewed over 13 months of fieldwork in Hanoi, Vietnam. …
This paper focuses on sexual debut among out-of-school youth in Masaka District, Uganda; factors influencing its timing; and assistance young people feel they need to delay sexual initiation. Data were drawn from a needs assessment using applied anthropological techniques with young people ages 13-19 years. Parents, guardians, and community leaders were also consulted. All participants felt that young people begin their sexual lives too early. Young men feel under pressure from friends and older men to prove their masculinity. …
The document has been developed by SENSOA, the Flemish expert organisation on sexual health and HIV. It is a provisonal synthesis of the direction that sex education should take. It emphasizes the importance of sex education at school, even if there is no censensus about the content of this controversial subject. It presents sex education as a "fascinating" and important subject for young people because it should guide them in their development into adults who are capable of integrating sexuality and intimacy with others into their lives in a meaningful and positive way. …
This curriculum has been developed to assist individuals to have a clear and factual view of humanity; to provide them with the information and skills necessary for rational decision-making about their sexual health; to change behaviour; and to prevent HIV infection. The curriculum is oriented towards learners. Many activities are geared towards making learning practical and pupil-centred. The content gradually becomes more complex as the student moves from one level to the next. The purpose of the curriculum is the promotion of awareness about, and prevention of, HIV. …
This document is part of a toolkit written for and by HIV trainers. It has been designed to help trainers plan and organise educational sessions with community leaders or organised groups. The toolkit consists in a collection of participatory training exercises to help people at all levels understand stigma - what it means, why it is an important issue, what its root causes are - and develop strategies to challenge stigma and discrimination. The present document contains the Module I: "Children and stigma". …
The Theatre for a Change Teacher Training HIV Needs Assessment Survey was carried out in June, 2008, in Malawi's nine Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs) and the teacher training department of Mzuzu University. A total of 754 pre-service teachers were sampled for the survey, with data triangulated through three research tools: questionnaires, semi-structured interviews (SSIs) and activity-based workshops. …
This study is an article extracted from "Studies in family Planning" published in December 2008. The objective of this study is to analyse abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed abortion as illegal, immoral, dangerous, or unacceptable without without the man's consent, and many reported that ancestral spirits killed women who aborted clan descendants. …
What people do when they have symptoms or suspicion of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) has major implications for transmission and, consequently, for disease control. Delays in seeking and obtaining diagnosis and treatment can allow for continued transmission and the greater probability of adverse sequelae. An understanding of health seeking behaviour is therefore important if STD control programmes are to be effective. However, taboos and stigma related to sex and STD in most cultures mean that gaining a true picture is difficult and requires considerable cultural sensitivity. …
