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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection, HIV risk factors, and exposure to national HIV prevention programs, and to identify factors associated with HIV infection among South African youth, aged 15–24 years. Design: A cross-sectional, nationally representative, household survey. Methods: From March to August 2003 we conducted a national survey of HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among 11 904 15–24 year olds. Multivariable models for HIV infection were restricted to sexually experienced youth. …
Access to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa has rapidly expanded - from fewer than 10,000 people treated in 2000 to more than 8 million in 2011. To measure the impact of this expansion, it is necessary to identify the behavioral response of individuals to drug access. This paper combines geocoded information about the timing of introduction of ARVs in all Kenyan health facilities with two waves of geocoded population surveys to estimate the impact of proximity to an ARV provider on risky sexual behavior. …
Thirty years into combating the spread of HIV through behaviour change interventions experience has grown in the application of multiple approaches from one-for-one counseling and small group workshops, information sessions, and activities to large-scale rallies and mass media campaigns with reducing the spread of HIV. These approaches have been variously guided by best field practice and theoretical frameworks developed to understand health-related behaviours and behaviour change. …
The study was commissioned by UNESCO Bangkok and aims to increase understanding about the health-seeking behavior of MSM/TG women in Thailand, including perceptions of illness, sources of information on sexual health, types of health services accessed, and constraints and obstacles in accessing healthcare; and to evaluate whether existing sexual health services meet the needs of MSM and TG women in the current Thai context, and develop recommendations for community groups/organizations, policy-makers (in light of Thailand’s revised National AIDS strategy), health service providers and developi …
Child marriage violates girls’ human rights and adversely affects their health and well-being. While age at marriage is increasing in most regions of the developing world, early marriage persists for large populations. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one out of three women aged 20–24 were married before age 18, and one out of seven were married before age 15. There is great variation in child marriage practices across and within regions and between ethnic and religious groups. Eradicating child marriage has long been on the agenda of the United Nations and of individual countries. …
L'éducation non formelle peut-elle être un moyen de lutte efficace contre la stigmatisation et la discrimination des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA dans les localités de Koulikoro et de Banamba ? A cette interrogation se rattache une série de questions : Pourquoi les personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA souffrent-elles de stigmatisation et de discrimination ? Ce phénomène est-il spécifiquement lié au VIH/SIDA ou est-il le fait des rapports entre une collectivité et une minorité de la société ? …
Many African MSM are surprised to discover that the sex they have with other men puts them at risk for acquiring the virus. The media and most prevention programming in the region consistently describe HIV vulnerability in terms of heterosexual risk, and many African MSM do not realize that they too are vulnerable. The few programs that do target this population face significant challenges in reaching MSM with the information and services they need. …
Background: Since 2000, peer-mediated interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in Mombasa Kenya have promoted behavioural change through improving knowledge, attitudes and awareness of HIV serostatus, and aimed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) by facilitating early STI treatment. Impact of these interventions was evaluated among those who attended peer education and at the FSW population level. Methods: A pre-intervention survey in 2000, recruited 503 FSW using snowball sampling. …
This case study examines Legal Units in Côte d'Ivoire, a network of individuals and resources that can be tapped as needed to protect the rights of children and their families. Their mission is to help resolve legal problems for OVC and their families either by mediation or prosecution, and to raise awareness about children's rights among OVC and their communities.
The overall objective of this baseline survey was to help determine access to information on 1) HIV and AIDS prevention; 2) sexuality and 3) reproductive rights for in-school childre. The specific objectives were to: document existing behaviour change communication (BCC) materials and programs for children; document the BCC methods to children including the packaging of information and dissemination; establish the relevance of BCC materials to children; compile empirical evidence on the impact of BCC materials on children in Swaziland.
This study is a part of the operational research which includes mapping and size estimation of female drug users, which forms the first key step in developing targeted interventions for this highly vulnerable key population. The results of this mapping study will assist in understanding the drug using scenario among female populations, which will ultimately form a baseline for service provision, based on which service providing organizations will develop targeted interventions within a specific geographical setting. …
Cambodia's Most at Risk Young People Survey (MARYPS) 2010 is a follow up survey of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted in 2004. The survey provides the policymakers and planners with data on alcohol, drug and sex related behaviors and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among MARYP. This survey is jointly supported by FHI, PSI, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO.
The broad objectives of this study are to obtain HIV prevalence statistics and HIV behavioural response profiles of staff and students in higher education in South Africa. The results should inform the sector response in a meaningful way, particularly with regard to policy, funding and implementation of prevention, treatment, care and support interventions. …
The Primary School Action for Better Health (PSABH) project was first funded on a small scale by DFID in 1999, under a health umbrella programme called HIV and AIDS Prevention and Care (HAPAC). HAPAC was implemented throughout one rural region in Kenya, called Nyanza Province, which borders Lake Victoria. After initial, positive impressions the project was expanded in order to test the potential impact of a large-scale, school-based HIV and AIDS education intervention on pupil knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. …
In Mozambique teachers have been given a major role in promoting HIV/AIDS awareness and behavioural change among children. Teachers' own experiences and attitudes will influence how they deal with this challenge. This paper presents the results of a three-month study of teachers in Mozambique and provides a kaleidoscope of personal accounts of the impact of HIV/AIDS on teachers' lives and their work, how children are confronted with the disease, and how instructors perceive their role as communicators in combating this pandemic. …
