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This paper seeks to identify which HIV-specific issues are of relevance to child protection programming, and vice versa. …
This guidance was developed based on experience sharing and problem solving from an expert meeting on Methodologies for Obtaining Strategic Information on Young People at Higher Risk of HIV Exposure, held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 3rd to 5th of September, 2012. This meeting facilitated the sharing of knowledge, and exchange of ideas and experiences in the collection, analysis and utilization of strategic information on young key populations. …
This paper presents an overview of government commitments to strengthen participation by children and adolescents to protect them from sexual abuse and exploitation. It also considers concrete recommendations for strengthening young people’s involvement in their own protection, based on their recommendations about what is needed to realize the Stockholm Declaration and Agenda for Action. Other inputs include case studies that offer new perspectives on children’s and adolescents’ participation to combat sexual exploitation and abuse. …
In Uganda, HIV prevalence remains high with young people at higher risk of infection than adults. Much is known about the sexual risk factors for HIV transmission among youths, including sexual encounters that are coerced. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the barriers to preventing sexual coercion and what strategies may overcome those barriers with adolescents. …
This paper reviews and discusses studies and interventions which have addressed the problems and concerns of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in India. Most of the research and commentary on OVC is based on investigations conducted in African countries. Accordingly, this review focuses on OVC in India in order to facilitate further critical discussion and the development of appropriate programmes and policies for the Indian context. …
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidance for health care workers on how to support children up to 12 years of age and their caregivers with disclosure of HIV status. Health care workers (HCWs) know that disclosure decisions are complex because of stigma, social support concerns, family relations, parenting skills and concern about children’s emotional and maturational ability to understand and cope with the nature of the illness. …
While it does not cost a great deal to make a difference in the life of a child living in poverty, that does not mean that they are cheap to care for. To avoid confusion there is a need to distinguish between expenditures on care, marginal costs of care and total cost of care. Expenditures on children are the amounts of money spent on their care. The marginal cost of care is the cost of achieving a specific increase in the level of care. The total cost of care is the cost of providing a given level of care. …
This study is based on data collected from community development facilitators using open-ended questionnaires and group discussions. Four general types of cultural practices were identified by interviewees as posing risks to children and challenges to child protection work: marriage practices, rites of passage or rituals, family secrets and religious or spiritual practices. …
In response to the critical need of affected children and families, the compelling evidence for their benefits, and the receptive environment on the part of governments and donors, several local and international organizations are piloting cash transfers programmes as a mechanism to mitigate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on affected communities in sub- Saharan Africa. Few programmes, however, are conceptualized or implemented within a broader framework of social protection, socioeconomic development or human rights. …
Only one in every eight households containing orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in African countries received any support from an external source (UNICEF, 2008). This is a reflection of how governments, both rich and poor, have ignored obligations ratified in conventions to ensure the social protection of vulnerable children (United Nations, 1989). Consequently, a disproportionate proportion of the financial burden of care of vulnerable children is borne by affected families and communities. …
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are an important model for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children whose life and development are threatened by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and poverty. However, data are lacking on the challenges and solutions enabling successful expansion of these programs to the national level. This article presents some of the experiences encountered by Malawi in the expansion of their network of CBOs. …
The Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV activity sought to better understand the psychological and social challenges faced by perinatally-infected children aged 0 to 12 years in Africa, their parents/caregivers, and their health providers. It explored factors that contribute to the ability of children living with HIV to cope and thrive, and identified the tools and approaches being used to help parents/caregivers and health providers provide psychosocial support (PSS) to these children. …
This documentation explores child- and HIV-sensitive social protection implemented under the umbrella of CARI in five of nine selected countries within the Eastern and Southern Africa region (ESAR): Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland and Tanzania. During fieldwork for this study, assessments were undertaken by considering various programmes and policies and their performance individually, but also by looking at their linkages and complementarities to other programmes and service providers. …
This evaluation was commissioned jointly by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) with the main purpose of evaluating results of the resources invested by Norway and Sweden in development co-operation in support of child rights. The report found considerable achievements albeit measured in terms of outputs rather than outcomes. However, it also finds that child participation in development efforts has been more tokenistic than substantial. …
Guatemala has a legal basis for the protection of children and young people and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, which was domesticated in 2003 with the passage of the Law on the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescence. This study asks what factors and conditions have generated positive results of Norwegian and Swedish assistance to promote child rights in Guatemala. The evaluation is concerned with specifying strategies and interventions that function well, as well as with identifying gaps and failures in existing policy and practice.
