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School-based adolescent health education programs represent a durable strategy in reducing the spread of HIV because they can leverage pre-existing social and organizational structures to reach large fractions of students at critical life stages. Many evaluations of school-based HIV programs draw on multilevel study designs that assign schools to treatment conditions or assign students to treatment conditions within blocks defined by school membership. …
A 14-item human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome knowledge scale was used among school students in 80 schools in 3 sites in Sub-Saharan Africa (Cape Town and Mankweng, South Africa, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). For each item, an incorrect or don't know response was coded as 0 and correct response as 1. Exploratory factor analyses based on polychoric correlations showed two separate factors for all sites. …
The ability of specific behaviour-change interventions to reduce HIV infection in young people remains questionable. Since January 1999, an adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) intervention has been implemented in ten randomly chosen intervention communities in rural Tanzania, within a community randomised trial (see below; NCT00248469). The intervention consisted of teacher-led, peer-assisted in-school education, youth-friendly health services, community activities, and youth condom promotion and distribution. …
It is very important that sex and relationships education (SRE) programme developers attempt to elicit, understand and incorporate young people's views in the SRE development and implementation processes. This paper reports the findings of a study that sought to identify young people's self-identified learning needs and priorities regarding sexual health that should be included in school-based SRE. Seven hundred and fifteen primary and secondary students aged between eight years and over 20 years old completed a survey between June and September 2007. …
Background: This paper reports case study findings on how a school in Tanzania is attempting to integrate HIV/AIDS education. Methods: Interviews were held with the principal, 8 teachers, 8 pupils, the school nurse and 4 parents; observation of school environment and document analysis of posters, text books and school calendar was carried out to see evidence of HIV/AIDS activities in the school. Results: HIV/AIDS is integrated in the school curricula and some teachers have incorporated participatory pedagogy. However teachers lack support and teaching materials. …
This report builds on a programme of work on sexuality education for young people initiated in 2008 by UNESCO. It is also informed by several other past and ongoing initiatives related to scaling up sexuality education, as well as drawing on case studies presented at the Bogota international consultation on sexuality education, convened by UNFPA in 2010. The report emphasizes the challenges for scaling-up in terms of integrating comprehensive sexuality education into the formal curricula of schools. …
This randomized controlled community trial aimed to see whether an education program could reduce children's risk of contracting HIV and improve their tolerance of people living with HIV and AIDS. Results showed improved outcomes among students in the intervention group relating to exposure to AIDS information and communication, AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward people with AIDS, and subjective norms and behavioral intentions toward having sexual intercourse. It was feasible and effective to train local teachers and health workers to provide health education on HIV and AIDS.
Aims: This article reports on the development and psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate school-based HIV/ AIDS interventions aimed at adolescents in three African sites. Methods: The instrument was developed in a series of steps that involved a review of existing instruments; use of empirical data and secondary literature supporting an association between the variables of interest and sexual intercourse or condom use; operationalizing the constructs of the theoretical model employed; and using the objectives of the intervention. …
Effective sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programmes are needed to protect young people against HIV/AIDS and teenage pregnancy in Tanzania and other Sub-Saharan African countries. Using a theory- and evidence-based approach and adapting the programmes to local contexts, increases the effectiveness of these programmes. This paper describes and discusses the challenges and opportunities concerning the application of Intervention Mapping (IM) in the development and implementation of a sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programme targeting young people aged 12-14 in Tanzania. …
The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training has been implementing SRH/HIV/LS education initiatives for more than a decade now and is currently striving to strengthen this education in its learning institutions in Zanzibar. Amongst its efforts to achieve this objective, the integration of a number of existing training manuals focusing this education package was undertaken in order to provide a common understanding in teaching these topics at all levels of education. This was done through the support from World Bank through Zanzibar Basic Education Improvement Project (ZABEIP). …
This document describes the Zanzibar National Life Skills Education Framework (ZNLSEF) - a framework intended to provide guidance to different stakeholders and at different levels in Zanzibar on how to provide quality life skills education programs so as to attain positive behavioral changes among children and young people in Zanzibar for their own individual and societal benefits in relation to preventing HIV/AIDS infections, substance abuse, early pregnancies, gender based violence and lead more positive and productive lives. …
These guidelines are developed to provide coordinated, integrated and harmonized direction and approach in providing SRH/HIV/LS education by different actors, with special focus on preventive education, counselling, care and support for children and youths in learning institutions and employees at work places in order to have a common understanding in mitigating and control of HIV/STI infections, teenage and unwanted pregnancies, counselling and support of vulnerable population groups in education sector in Zanzibar. …
This chartbook aims to provide policymakers, program managers, and the interested public in sub-Saharan Africa and around the world with a better understanding of the needs and experiences of youth in the region and how investments in youth can help achieve the MDGs. The data is drawn primarily from the Demographic and Health Surveys.
In April 2000 the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) initiated an exercise aimed at identifying effective responses by education systems to the effects of HIV/AIDS on the education structures of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective was to identify promising approaches and interventions in the education sector to issues caused by the epidemic. …
A one day symposium was held on the 5th November 2003 at the Department of Foreign Affairs, Iveagh House, Dublin, hosted by Development Cooperation Ireland (DCI), in cooperation with the UNAIDS Inter Agency Task Team on Education. The symposium was attended by representatives from UN agencies, Development Cooperation Ireland, civil society organisations from Ireland and from overseas, from an African Ministry of Education, and from academia. …
