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Much research attention has been devoted to understanding the relationship between education and riskier sex-related behaviors and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. While in the early 1990s researchers found that increases in education were associated with a higher incidence of HIV/AIDS, this relationship appears to have reversed and better educated people, especially women, appear less likely to engage in riskier sex-related behaviors and have a lower incidence rate of HIV/AIDS. …
The main objective of this situational assessment is to compile and synthesize existing recent information on HIV and young people together with the current AIDS response for young people in Zambia, including programmes, policies, and key partners, and to document gaps and challenges in the response. In this document young people refers to individuals aged 10 to 24 years. It analyzes existing strategic information on HIV and young people and identifies gaps in the evidence and in the current HIV response.
Globally, girls and young women are more likely to be hiV-positive than their male peers, due in large part to an array of gender inequalities that negatively impact their their mental and physical well being. The International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Taasisi ya Maendeleo Shirikishi Arusha (TAMASHA), in collaboration with Pact Tanzania, developed a participatory research and action project (Vitu Newala) that aimed to both understand and respond to girls’ HIV-related vulnerabilities. …
Background: Since 2000, peer-mediated interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in Mombasa Kenya have promoted behavioural change through improving knowledge, attitudes and awareness of HIV serostatus, and aimed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) by facilitating early STI treatment. Impact of these interventions was evaluated among those who attended peer education and at the FSW population level. Methods: A pre-intervention survey in 2000, recruited 503 FSW using snowball sampling. …
This study tested an economic intervention to reduce HIV risks among AIDS-orphaned adolescents. Adolescents (n = 96) were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or usual care for orphans in Uganda. All adolescents in the study received usual care for AIDS orphans in Uganda, which included peer counseling, health education, and scholastic materials. In addition, experimental adolescents received a family economic intervention, which included a Child/Youth Development Account (CDA) and six 2-hour classes on career planning, career goals, microfinance, and financial well-being. …
Student unrest that sometimes culminates in violent expressions have had a long history in Kenyan schools. Recent evidence, however, points to new expressions of abuse on children. There is concern that an ethos of gendered violence often expressed by sexual subjugation of girls by boys is getting institutionalised within Kenyan Schools. The rise in incidents of reported crimes of a sexual nature and the periodic mass sexual violence directed at girls within learning institutions attest to threatened sexual safety in Kenyan schools today. …
The purpose of this study was to investigate challenges facing headteachers in the implementation of AIDS education in secondary school curriculum in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts and find out how they were coping. Specifically, it focused on challenges in induction of teachers, provision of teaching and learning materials, supervision and evaluation of the teaching of AIDS education. Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The study population was 56 headteachers, 423 teachers and 9784 students in 56 secondary schools in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts. …
The overall objective of this baseline survey was to help determine access to information on 1) HIV and AIDS prevention; 2) sexuality and 3) reproductive rights for in-school childre. The specific objectives were to: document existing behaviour change communication (BCC) materials and programs for children; document the BCC methods to children including the packaging of information and dissemination; establish the relevance of BCC materials to children; compile empirical evidence on the impact of BCC materials on children in Swaziland.
The process of linking sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS needs to work in both directions: this means that traditional sexual and reproductive health services need to integrate HIV/AIDS interventions, and also that programmes set up to address the AIDS epidemic need to integrate more general services for sexual and reproductive health. While there is broad consensus that strengthening linkages should be beneficial for clients, only limited evidence is published regarding real benefits, feasibility, costs and implications for health systems. …
This updated review will focus on interventions carried out and/or published from January 2005 - December 2008. Since the first Steady, Ready, Go! (SRG) review was carried out, the results of several major randomized controlled trials of adolescent HIV prevention interventions conducted in Africa have been reported. …
This publication is addressed to people who work with adolescents in West Africa, be it as teachers, nurses or social workers, as activists, politicians or bureaucrats, in national institutions or in international organisations. It draws attention to the rights and needs of a demographic group that is often neglected in social development initiatives. The publication is part of Plan's effort to refocus the lens used to view the African continent. …
The Theatre for a Change Teacher Training HIV Needs Assessment Survey was carried out in June, 2008, in Malawi's nine Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs) and the teacher training department of Mzuzu University. A total of 754 pre-service teachers were sampled for the survey, with data triangulated through three research tools: questionnaires, semi-structured interviews (SSIs) and activity-based workshops. …
This book describes the successful efforts to mainstream gender into the National Strategic Framework (NSF). Part 1 presents the situation analysis that set out the context of the Nigerian case study. Part 2 describes the processes employed and steps taken to mainstream gender into the NSF, and highlights the achievements, challenges and lessons learned from the Nigerian experience. The book provides a model that other countries can emulate.
In 1999, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded a five-year programme of research into young people's sexual and reproductive health in poorer country settings.Entitled the Safe Passages to Adulthood programme, and co-ordinated jointly by the centre for Sexual Health Research at the University of Southampton, the Thomas Coram Resaerch Unit at the Institute of Education, University of London and the Centre for Population Studies at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the programme supports research to enable young people to improve their sexual and reprodu …
