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This document is an assessment of the policy and legal framework protecting the rights of women and girls in Ethiopia and reducing their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS UNFPA has commissioned this study as part of its HIV/AIDS and gender development program. The overall objectives of the study were to: 1. identify gaps in the existing policies and legal frameworks, and offer concrete recommendations to fill the gaps; 2. document the existing policies and legal frameworks, together with references to international instruments; 3. …
The impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic is felt hardest by the individuals who are infected or affected by the disease, and in particular by individuals who are especially vulnerable to HIV infection due to stigma and discrimination, poverty, a lack of access to education, health and other services that promote HIV awareness. However, the impact of HIV and AIDS goes beyond the individual or household level – it affects nations as a whole. …
Much research attention has been devoted to understanding the relationship between education and riskier sex-related behaviors and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. While in the early 1990s researchers found that increases in education were associated with a higher incidence of HIV/AIDS, this relationship appears to have reversed and better educated people, especially women, appear less likely to engage in riskier sex-related behaviors and have a lower incidence rate of HIV/AIDS. …
This study evaluated the relationship between having a history of transactional sexual relationships with condom use and STI risk. Participants completed a behavioral questionnaire and provided self-collected vaginal swabs which were tested for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhea, and trichomonas vaginalis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare condom use rates and STI risk among women with a history of transactional sexual relationships to women with a history of casual sexual relationships and those with no history of casual sexual relationships. …
The importance of Emergency contraception (EC) is evident in preventing unintended pregnancies and its ill consequences like unintended child delivery or unsafe abortion, which are the most common causes of maternal mortality. Knowing that Ethiopia is one of the countries with highest maternal mortality rate, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of EC, and to further elucidate the relationship between these factors and some socioeconomic and demographic characteristics among female undergraduate students of Addis Ababa University. …
This report presents the findings of the 2010 survey, the fourth round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, carried out in Mongolia by the National Statistical Office. The survey aims to collect and analyze data for monitoring the situation of children and women through a range of areas including health, education, development andprotection, implementation of rights of children and women in Mongolia, and knowledge of females and males and their sexual behavior in relation to HIV, AIDS. …
The effects of climate change can hamper access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. This restricts women and young people's options to plan families, and limits a community's ability to respond to climate change. SRH and climate change movements should work together to ensure women and youth access to SRH and mitigate climate change.
This knowledge asset focuses on the integration of resources to address gender-based violence against women and girls into the existing health care services. The review of the literature aims to provide guidance to health sector programme designers and managers in order to facilitate integration. …
Gender-based discrimination remains one of the greatest threats to women's health and lives worldwide, despite domestic, regional, and international human rights guarantees of equality, reproductive and sexual rights, and a range of other rights. Such guarantees remain empty promises if not recognized and reinforced by national courts. …
This report, published by UNIFEM, UNAIDS and UNFPA, is a call to action to address the triple threat of gender inequality, poverty and HIV/AIDS. It highlights the work of the Global Coalition on Women and AIDS, a UNAIDS initiative that supports programmes which mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls worldwide. The report focuses on six areas of action: prevention, treatment, caregiving, education, violence and womenÆs rights. Each section outlines key issues and offers examples of where women are leading the way to combat these problems. …
