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Adolescence (10-19 years old) is a critical period in life, during which people undergo extensive biological, psychological and social changes. During this time, sexual and reproductive health can pose serious challenges for adolescents and programming needs to be effective in addressing this important health area. This scoping paper assesses the state of evidence around adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), exploring the supply of and demand for evidence on the impact of ASRH programming in low- and middle-income countries. …
This report presents the findings of an evidence gap map that assesses the evidence available on the effects of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) programming in low- and middle-income countries. It documents the methods used to create the map and examines evidence clusters and gaps identified in it. While there is considerable amount of impact evaluation evidence, it addresses only some of the priority questions within this broad topic. The greatest prevalence of evidence is on sexual health education and other instruction within and outside of the classroom. …
This analysis of legal and regulatory aspects in the context of HIV and AIDS seeks to clarify how existing laws, policies and practices and their implementation and enforcement either support or undermine an effective HIV response in the country. This is important to ensure an effective HIV response that protects and promotes the human rights of people living with HIV and of most at risk and vulnerable populations. …
In 2011, the Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) in collaboration with FHI 360 undertook a review of adolescent and youth reproductive health programs in the country that included a desk review, mapping of youth serving organizations (YSOs), and interviews with stakeholders from the YSOs and development partners. …
Key messages: Universal drug education programmes in schools have been shown to have an impact on the most common substances used by young people: alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. The approaches which appear to be most effective are those based on social influences and life skills, for example Life Skills Training and Unplugged. Interventions which are not drug-specific but focus on children and young people’s attachment to school can also be effective in reducing substance misuse. The Good Behaviour Game is one example of these. …
The re-entry policy launched in 1997 advocates that girls who drop out of school due to pregnancy should be readmitted after giving birth. …
Despite the progress being made in the global response to HIV and AIDS, stigma remains a major obstacle to prevention and treatment. It is manifested in many different ways and fear of disgrace prevents people from coming forward for HIV testing and treatment. Key populations – sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, the transgender community and people who inject drugs – are particularly affected. The role of the media in tackling HIV related stigma is crucial. It is seen as one of the drivers of HIV reduction, yet the media is far from reaching its full potential. …
This report is a direct follow-up to Global Commission on HIV and the Law: Risks, Rights and Health (July 2012) and the Asia-Pacific Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law convened in Bangkok in February 2011. This study identifies the laws that states of Asia and the Pacific have put in place to provide legal protections against HIV-related human rights violations and the lessons learned from implementation and enforcement. …
This document is a report of Let’s Talk About Sex: National Youth Survey, a joint partnership between AYAC and YEAH to ensure a national consultation process with young Australians aged 15-29 regarding their opinions, experiences and needs around access to sexual health information and education. …
This paper presents an overview of government commitments to strengthen participation by children and adolescents to protect them from sexual abuse and exploitation. It also considers concrete recommendations for strengthening young people’s involvement in their own protection, based on their recommendations about what is needed to realize the Stockholm Declaration and Agenda for Action. Other inputs include case studies that offer new perspectives on children’s and adolescents’ participation to combat sexual exploitation and abuse. …
The negative impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a major challenge to sub-Saharan Africa. Although the rate of new HIV infections in sub-continent has decreased, the total number of people living with HIV continues to rise. Most of the people infected with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa are within the age bracket of 15 to 35 years. It has been estimated that about 80% of the infected group are aged 20-29 years. …
This document is in three parts. It first discusses the 4 prongs for the elimination of HIV infection among children; in other words, the 4 prongs of PMTCT. The 4 prongs are: (1) preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV, (2) preventing new HIV infections, (3) safer infant feedings, and (4) treatment. This document focuses primarily on the first 2 prongs and how PMTCT is critical because the impact of keeping children alive will be lost if their mothers are not also kept alive. …
Early diagnosis of children living with HIV is a prerequisite for accessing timely paediatric HIV care and treatment services and for optimizing treatment outcomes. Testing of HIV-exposed infants at 6 weeks and later is part of the national prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programme in Zimbabwe, but many opportunities to test infants and children are being missed. …
Globally, girls and young women are more likely to be HIV positive than their male peers, due in large part to an array of gender inequalities that negatively impact their mental and physical well being. Protecting girls from this multi-dimensional risk requires first understanding how the girls experience vulnerability in their daily lives and developing solutions that are actionable within the community context. …
In the 1990s, the European Network of Health Promoting Schools was founded by the European Commission and WHO's Regional Office for Europe after a number of conferences and workshops on the settings-based approach to health. …
