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The study’s objective is the systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies of alcohol use among young people (age 15–24 years) in eastern Africa to estimate prevalence of alcohol use and determine the extent of use of standardised screening questionnaires in alcohol studies. Based on the review results, the authors draw the conclusion that alcohol use and problem drinking were common among diverse groups of young people in eastern Africa, indicating the urgent need for alcohol-focused interventions in this population. …
Sex workers are amongst those most affected by HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) issues in Ethiopia. Stigma and discrimination towards sex workers affects their ability to access SRHR information, education and services. In 2014, the Link Up project in Ethiopia implemented a model of peer education and outreach to empower young people who sell sex (aged 15 – 24 years) and increase their access to HIV and SRHR services. The Link Up project seeks to improve the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people most affected by HIV. …
Key populations, specifically people who sell sex (PWSS), people who inject drugs (PWID) and lesbian, and gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people experience significant human rights violations which underpin the continued high HIV incidence in these populations. This rapid assessment of human rights violations in Eastern and southern Africa focuses on three priority key populations – PWSS, LGBTI (including MSM), and PWID. The report outlines the normative international treaties that establish a basis for a human rights framework for the HIV response.
The goal of the National Peer Education Strategy is to position peer education as a critical component of HIV prevention programmes targeting KAPs in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The objectives are: 1. Build national capacity and leadership in both government and civil society to provide peer education to all KAPs in Mauritius; 2. Build support for peer education by strengthening linkages with existing services and networks including law enforcement, civil society organisations, health and welfare workers and other stakeholders; 3. …
This publication provides a background in the risks faced by populations especially vulnerable to HIV and AIDS. The document outlines strategies effective in prevention of HIV and AIDS among sex workers, men who have sex with other men, and injecting drug users. Programs described include peer education, comprehensive health services and quality of treatment, provider referral networks, and in-service training and sensitization.
Theatre for a Change (TfaC) is a registered non-governmental organization in Ghana which works to reduce the risk of HIV infection among marginalized and vulnerable groups through the use of interactive, participatory learning techniques. The HIV prevalence rate in Ghana is 1.37% and 11.1% among female sex workers (FSWs). In September 2012, following a period of mobilisation, TfaC began working with a group of 10 FSWs living and working in Old Fadama, Accra’s largest illegal settlement, to form the Peace and Love Club. …
The impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic is felt hardest by the individuals who are infected or affected by the disease, and in particular by individuals who are especially vulnerable to HIV infection due to stigma and discrimination, poverty, a lack of access to education, health and other services that promote HIV awareness. However, the impact of HIV and AIDS goes beyond the individual or household level – it affects nations as a whole. …
Introduction: Virtually no African country provides HIV prevention services in sex work settings with an adequate scale and intensity. Uncertainty remains about the optimal set of interventions and mode of delivery. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting interventions for reducing HIV transmission among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa between January 2000 and July 2011. Medline (PubMed) and non-indexed journals were searched for studies with quantitative study outcomes. Results: We located 26 studies, including seven randomized trials. …
Since the beginning of the epidemic sex workers have experienced a heightened burden of HIV across settings, despite their higher levels of HIV protective behaviors (UNAIDS, 2009). By gaining a deeper understanding of the epidemiologic and broader policy and social context within which sex work is set one begins to quickly gain a sense of the complex backdrop for increased risk to HIV among sex workers. …
The Ghana Most At Risk Population strategy 2011-2015 has been developed to provide a framework for the implementation of a comprehensive package of services designed specifically to reach four MARP subgroups, Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), Injecting Drug Users (PWID) and Prisoners. The goal of the strategy is to reach 80% of all identified MARP by 2015 with a comprehensive package of HIV prevention, protection, treatment, care and support service that is evidence based, accessible and acceptable to the specific groups. …
AIDSTAR-One, in collaboration with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) West Africa Regional Health Office in Accra, Ghana, and supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, facilitated a workshop held May 2–3, 2012, in support of regional HIV prevention activities. …
Namibia’s National Strategic Framework for HIV and AIDS 2010/11-2015/16 emphasises the importance of programmes aimed at most at risk populations, including sex workers. However, research aimed at understanding the realities faced by sex workers in Namibia and the effects of HIV on them, and HIV-related programming targeting sex workers, have been relatively limited to date. In order to contribute to strengthening HIV programming with sex workers, UNFPA Namibia has obtained Programme Acceleration Funding (PAF) from UNAIDS. …
Kenya is currently experiencing both a generalized and a concentrated HIV epidemic. It has a national HIV prevalence of 6.3 per cent and 1.3 million people between the ages of 15 to 64 across the country are living with HIV. According to the Kenya National AIDS Control Council (NACC), female sex workers (FSW) and their clients account for 14.1% of new infections. The Kenyan national response has recently started targeting research and programming efforts towards key population groups, and specifically FSW. However, migrants have not been targeted as a distinct category. …
Transactional sex (TS) has been correlated with HIV/STD infection, pregnancy, early marriage, and sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few Western-based HIV prevention programs adapted for SSA have examined intervention impacts for this group. This article examines whether an HIV prevention intervention, delivered to sixth-grade students in Liberia (age range 14–17) and found to increase condom use and other mediators for the larger sample, significantly impacted sexual behaviors and mediators for those who engaged in TS. …
The main focus of this report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa, and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report suggests components of a health sector response necessary for accelerating prevention of HIV and other STIs among sex workers and their clients. The report, its findings and recommendations are based on a review of the available published evidence. Information is presented in three major sections. …
